Jalal Hasan Mistaffa/ Assistant Professor of Politics, College of Political Sciences, the University of Sulaimani

Nihad Khudhur Hasan/ PhD Student, Faculty of Law, Political Science and Law, Soran University

Keywords: Democratization, Political Participation, Development, Parties, KRI

https://doi.org/10.31271/jopss.10119

Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2024 [ 185 -216] Journal of Political and Security Studies

Abstract

The Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) was formed in 1992 following the first elections held in the Kurdish autonomous region geographically situated in northern Iraq, after the Kurdish uprising against the Baath Regime. Since its inception, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) has been ruled by two major political parties, specifically the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK). There is a prevailing, but unsubstantiated impression among the general population, that the impact of these two political parties on the political development in KRI is predominantly negative rather than positive. The authors of this article intend to examine that claim by exploring the role of the two main political parties in the political development of the Kurdistan Region. In searching for an answer to this inquiry, the article starts with a conceptualization of political development and two of its indicators, namely democratization and political participation. Subsequently, a concise overview of the political context of the formation and development of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) and the political procedures in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) is provided. The authors conducted a questionnaire among KRI’s public university students to determine their perception of the role of two political parties in political development in the KRI. In the final section, the methodology is explained and the results of the survey are analyzed.

پوختەی توێژینە

دیموکراتیزەکردن و بەشداریکردنی سیاسی وەک نیشاندەری گەشەسەندنی سیاسی لە هەرێمى کوردستان- عێراق: ڕۆڵی هەردوو پارتە سیاسییە دەسەڵاتدارەکە

دوابەدوای ڕاپەڕینی کوردان دژ بە ڕژێمی بەعس، حکومەتی هەرێمی کوردستانی عێراق لە ساڵی ١٩٩٢ دروستبوو، دوای بەڕێوەچوونی یەکەم هەڵبژاردن لە ناوچەی ئۆتۆنۆمی کوردستان کە لە ڕووی وجونگرافیەوە دکەوێتە باکورری عێراق. لە سەرەتای دروستبونیەوە، هەردوو پارتی سەرەکی (پارتی دیموکراتی کوردستان و یەکێتی نیشتمانی کوردستان) حوکمی هەرێمی کوردستانیان کردووە. لە ناوخەلکدا، بۆچوونێک هەیە، هەرچەندە بە بەڵگەی ئەکادیمی نەسەلمێنراوە، کە ڕۆڵی هەردوو پارتە سەرەکیەکە لە گەشەسەندنی سیاسیی هەرێمی کوردستان، زیاتر ڕۆڵێکی نەرێنیە، نەک ئەرێنیی. هەردوو نووسەری ئەم توێژینەوەیە دەیانەوێت ئەو بۆچوونە کنە بکەن و بەدوای وەڵامی ئەو پرسەدا بگەڕێن کە بریتیە لە ڕۆڵی هەردوو پارتە سیاسیە دەسەلاتدارەکەی هەرێمی کوردستانی عێراق لە گەشەی سیاسیی هەرێمدا. لە سەرەتای توێژینەوەکەدا، چەمکی گەشەسەندنی سیاسی ڕووندەکرێتەوە و پاشان دوان لە ئاماژەکانی گەشەسەندنی سیاسیی باسدەکرێن کە پرۆسەی بە دیموکراسیبوون و بەشداری سیاسیە. دواتر، بۆ ئاسان تێگەیشتنی خوێنەر و هەر پەیوەست بە پرسی توێژینەوەکەوە، پاشخانێکی کوردتی پرۆسەی دروستبوون گەشەسەندنی هەرێم و پرۆسە سیاسیەکانی دەکرێت. بە مەبەستی پێوانەکردنی هەردوو ئاماژەکانی بەدیموکراسیوبوون و بەشداری سیاسیی، توێژەران ڕاپریسان لە ناو خوێندکارانی زانکۆ حموکەمیەکانی هەرێمدا ئەنجامداوە تاوەکو بۆچونیان بزانن دەربارەی ڕۆڵی ئەم دوو پارتە سەرەکیە لە گەشەسەندنی سیاسیی هەرێمی کوردستاندا. لە کۆتاییدا ئەو میتۆدەی بەکارهێنراوە باسکراوە و بەرەنجامەکانی ڕاپەسیەکەش شیکراوەتەوە.

ملخص البحث

الديمقراطية والمشاركة السياسية كمؤشرات للتنمية السياسية في اقليم كوردستان – العراق: دور الحزبين السياسيين الحاكمين

  تأسست حكومة إقليم كوردستان في عام ١٩٩٢ في أعقاب أول انتخابات أجريت في المنطقة الكردية التي كانت تتمتع بالحكم الذاتي الواقعة جغرافیا في شمال العراق، في أعقاب الانتفاضة الكوردستانیة ضد نظام البعث. ومنذ إنشائها، حكم إقليم كوردستان حزبان سياسيان رئیسیان، تحديداً الحزب الديمقراطي الكردستاني والاتحاد الوطني الكردستاني. وهناك انطباع سائد، ولكن غير مبرهن اکادیمیا، بين عامة السكان بأن تأثير هذين الحزبين السياسيين على التنمية السياسية في إقليم كوردستان سلبي علی الغالب، وليس إيجابياً. يعتزم مؤلفا هذا البحث فحص هذا الادعاء من خلال استكشاف دور الحزبين السياسيين الرئيسيين في التنمية السياسية لإقليم كوردستان. في البحث عن إجابة لهذە الاشکالیة، تبدأ المقالة بدراسة مفهوم التنمية السياسية ومؤشرين من مؤشراتها، وهما سیر العملیة الديمقراطية والمشاركة السياسية. وبعد ذلك، يتم تقديم لمحة موجزة عن السياق السياسي لنشاة حكومة إقليم كردستان وتطورها والإجراءات السياسية فيها المتعلقة باشکالیة البحث. أجرى المؤلفون استبيانًا بين طلاب الجامعات الحکومیة في إقليم كوردستان لتحديد تصورهم لدور الحزبين الرئیسین في التنمية السياسية في الإقليم. وفي القسم الأخير، تم شرح المنهجية المتبعة وقمنا بتحليل نتائج الاستبيان.

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